KARTA MIRA 2015 SERIES

On the basis of this groundwork, Mir as a system was formalized in 2014 as a way to overcome potential blocks of electronic payments, after several Russian banks were denied services by US-based Visa and MasterCard because of the sanctions regime against them. While development was nearing completion, the Global Financial Crisis put further activity on indefinite hold.

KARTA MIRA 2015 SERIES

These letters are a treasure trove of scholarly and literary information as well as details of his early life and are considered the very peak of Maulana Azad's unique style of writing.Mir, as an idea, was born out of a series of joint initiatives between the Central Bank of Russia and the World Bank in the mid-2000s that aimed to create a framework of an autonomous payment processing system inside Russia. But after his release from prison, at the insistence of his secretary Maulana Ajmal Khan, Maulana published them in book form. The letters were private and were not written with the idea that they would be published. But these letters, which are based on the events and observations of Qila Ahmednagar and on various topics, ideas and philosophies, could not be posted due to strict bounds of imprisonment. All these letters were written in the name of Nawab Sadr Yaar Jang Maulana Habib-ur-Rehman Khan Sherwani Raees of Bhikampur District, Aligarh. Maulana had gone to Bombay to preside over a meeting of the All India Congress Committee and was arrested there. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, freedom fighter and IndiaвЂ™s first Minister of Education, wrote his literary masterpiece Ghubar-e-Khatir during his captivity at Qila Ahmad Nagar during 1942-1945 and contains twenty-four letters that he wrote during that time. All this while, the letters that Faiz and Alys wrote to one another in English were published in Urdu under the title вЂњSaliben Mere Dariche MeinвЂќ, and later in English under the title 'Dear Heart'.

During the trying term of 1951-1955, when Faiz was accused and imprisoned in the Rawalpindi Conspiracy case, Alys provided for her two daughters and squared up to their financial expenses. Alice was a social worker and had joined the Communist Party at a young age. Is ke alawa, Alys ke Naan-o-Nafaqa (Sustenance) ki zimma-daari Faiz ki thi jab kih Alys ki kamaaii par sirf Alys ka Haqq tha.вЂќДЇaiz and Alys had a successful married life.

вЂњAlys ko KhulaвЂ™ (Opting out of a marriage) lene ka Haqq tha aur Alice ke zinda rahte hue Faiz ko duusri shadi karne ki ijazat nahin thi. There was also an agreement with the marriage which stated: Alys was named Kulsuum but was known as Alys Faiz. The two celebrated their honeymoon in Maharaja Hari Singh's 'Pari Mahal'. Renowned poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz was married in 1941 to British citizen Alys George in Srinagar and this knot was tied by Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah. He wrote his first Masnavi, вЂShikayat-e-SitamвЂ™, aged 16, which too, is one of his very own love stories. Apart from ghazals, he also wrote 12 Masnavis 6 of them center around his own love life. Momin fell in love quite more than once, and after reading his Ghazals one figures that the poet doesnвЂ™t have an imaginary love interest, but has fallen for a purely human beloved. And so it happened, MominвЂ™s composed chronogram is what finally proved to be the date of death and is engraved on his shrine. After this incident, he composed a Tarikh and foretold that he would die in five months. A few months before his death, Momin fell from the roof of his house, breaking his limbs. He was also well versed in Tarikh-Goi (composing chronograms), and would keep reinventing at every go. Momin Khan Momin (1800-1852), the poet of whom Mirza Ghalib had remarked to confer his entire Diwan for this particular couplet:Д«esides being a masterful Ghazal poet, Momin was also very skilled in astrology and would often reckon on future events which usually would come out to be true.

Karta mira 2015